1. Ball RA, Kinchelow T. Pathology of Injection Site Reactions with Enfuvirtide, Abstract 714, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

2. Whitcomb JM, Huang W, et al. Analysis of Baseline Enfuvirtide (T-20) Susceptibility and Co-receptor Tropism in Two-phase III Study Populations, Abstract 557, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

3. Heil M, Decker J. Analysis of Patient-derived HIV-1 Isolates Suggests a Novel Mechanism for Decreased Sensitivity to Inhibition by Enfuvirtide and T-649, Abstract 615, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

4. Data on Fuzeon Continues to Show Drug Efficacy for Treatment-experienced People, HIVandHepatitis.com, 14.02.03.

5. Greenberg ML, Melby T, et al. Baseline and On-treatment Susceptibility to Enfuvirtide Seen in TORO 1 and Toro 2 to 24 Weeks, Abstract 141, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

6. Ranii D. Trimeris Presents Data on New Drug, Durham News & Observer, 23.2.03.

7. Boyd M, Ruxrungtham K, et al. Enfuvirtide: Investigations on the Drug Interaction Potential in HIV-infected People, Abstract 541, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

8. Walmsley S, Henry K, et al, Lack of Influence of gp41 Antibodies that Cross-react with Enfuvirtide on the Efficacy and Safety of Enfuvirtide in Toro 1 and Toro 2 Phase III Trials, Abstract 558, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

9. Delfraissy JF, Montaner J, et al. Summary of Pooled Efficacy and Safety Analyses of Enfuvirtide Treatment for 24 Weeks in Toro 1 and Toro 2 Phase III Trials in Highly Antiretroviral Treatment-experienced People, Abstract 568, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

10. Sharp M, Camp R, for the Treatment Action Group (TAG). Fuzeon brand enfuvirtide (T-20), Breaking barriers or breaking the bank? Position paper for the FDA, 10 March 2003.

11. Miralles GD, Lalezari JP, et al. T-1249 Demonstrates Potent Antiviral Activity over 10 Day Dosing in Most People who Have Failed a Regimen Containing Enfuvirtide (ENF): Planned Interim Analysis of T1249-102, a Phase I/II Study, Abstract 14lb, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

12. Heil M, Decker J, et a l. Analysis of Patient-derived HIV-1 Isolates Suggests a Novel Mechanism for Decreased Sensitivity to Inhibition by Enfuvirtide and T-649, Abstract 615, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

13. Olson W, Israel R, et al. Viral Resistance and Pharmacologic Analyses of Phase I/II Study Patients Treated with the HIV-1 Entry Inhibitor PRO 542, Abstract 561, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

14. Stoddart C, Xu et al. Evaluation of In Vivo HIV-1 Escape from SCH-C (SCH 351125), Abstract 614, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

15. Kuritzkes DR, Jacobson JM, et al. Safety and Preliminary Anti-HIV Activity of an Anti-CD4 mAb (TNX-355; Formerly Hu5A8) in HIV-infected People, Abstract 13, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

16. Boyle B, Iizawa Y et al. CCR5 Inhibitors Continue to Make Progress: TAK-220 and UK-427,857, Anti-HIV-1 Activity of TAK-220, a Small Molecule CCR5 Antagonist, Abstract 11, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

17. Maeda K, Nakata H, et al. AK602: A Novel HIV-specific Spirodiketopiperazine CCR5 Inhibitor Potent Against a Wide Spectrum of R5-HIV, Abstract 10, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

18. Dorr P, et al. UK-427,857, a Novel Small Molecule HIV Entry Inhibitor is a Specific Antagonist of the Chemokine Receptor CCR5, Abstract 12, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

19. Pilcher, CD. Entry Inhibitors, The How and Why of New Agents at Retrovirus: an Update.

20. Horn T, Hammer S. 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections (CROI) in Boston (Wakeford, 2002; Molina, 2002). PRN Notebook.

21. Staszewski S, Gallant JE, et al. Efficacy and safety of tenofovir DF (TDF) versus stavudine (d4T) when used in combination with lamivudine and efavirenz in antiretroviral naïve patients: 96-week preliminary interim results, Abstract 564b, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

22. Wakeford C, et al. Long-term Efficacy and Safety of Emtricitabine in HIV+ Adults Switching from a Lamivudine Containing HAART Regimen, Abstr 550, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

23. Saez-Llorens X, et al. Once-daily Emtricitabine in HIV-infected Pediatric Patients with Other Antiretroviral Agents, Abstract 872, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

24. McKinney R, et al, PACTG 1021: An Ongoing Phase I/II Study of Once-daily Emtricabine, Didanosine, and Efavirenz in Therapy-naive or Minimally Treated Pediatric Patients, Abstract 873, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

25. Cahn P, et al. Virologic Efficacy and Patterns of Resistance Mutations in ART-naïve Patients Receiving Combination Therapy with Once-daily Emtricitabine Compared to Twice-daily Stavudine in a Randomized, Double-blind, Multi-center Clinical Trial, Abstract 606, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

26. Molina JM, et al. Once-daily Combination of Emtricitabine, Didanosine, and Efavirenz vs Continued PI-based HAART in HIV-infected Adults with Undetectable Plasma HIV-RNA: 48-week Results of a Prospective Randomized Multicenter Trial (ALIZE-ANRS 99), Abstract 551, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

27. Thompson M, Richmond G, et al. Preliminary Results of Dosing of Amdoxovir in Treatment-experienced Patients Abstract 554, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

28. Moyle G, 3.03.03, 2NN: nevirapine vs efavirenz, www.natap.org.

29. van Leth F, Phanuphak P, et al, for the 2NN study group. Lipid Changes in a Randomized Comparative Trial of First-line Antiretroviral Therapy with Regimens Containing Either Nevirapine Alone, Efavirenz Alone or Both Drugs Combined, Together with Stavudine and Lamivudine (2NN Study), Abstract 752, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

30. Das K, Clark AD, et al. Could Multiple Modes of Binding of a Potent NNRTI TMC125-R165335 Explain Its Potency Against Common Drug-resistant Mutants? Abstract 613, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

31. Watts P, Romano J, et al. Candidate Microbicide Formulations of the HIV-1 Inhibitor UC-781 Block Localized HIV-1 Infection and Dendritic Cell Dissemination Pathways within Human Cervical Tissue, Abstract 677, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

32. Chan J, Ferris R, et al. In Vitro Characterization of Novel Benzophenone Non-nonucleoside Reverse Transcriptase Inhibitors, Abstract 6, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

33. Fikkert V, Van Maele B, Van Remoortel B, et al. Distinct Antiviral Resistance Profiles for the Authentic HIV Integrase Inhibitors; the Diketo Compounds L-708,906 and S-1360 and the Pyranodipyrimidine V-165, Abst 556, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

34. D Hazuda for The Integrase Inhibitor Discovery Team. The Potential for Cross Resistance Between S-1360, L-870810 and Other Structurally Diverse Inhibitors of HIV-1 Integrase Strand Transfer, Abstract 140, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

35. Cammack N, Swallow S, et al. RO033-4649: A New HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor Designed for Both Activity Against Resistant Virus Isolates and Favorable Pharmacokinetic Properties, Abstract 7, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

36. Murphy R, Pokrovsky V, et al. Long-term Efficacy and Safety of Atazanavir with Stavudine and Lamivudine in People Previously Treated With Nelfinavir or ATV: 108-week Results of BMS Study 008/044, Abstract 555, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

37. Colonno R, Rose R, et al. Emergence of Atazanavir Resistance and Maintenance of Susceptibility to Other PIs is Associated with an I50L Substitution in HIV Protease, Abstract 597, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

38. Taburet AM, Piketty C, et al. Pharmacokinetic Parameters of Atazanavir/Ritonavir when Combined to Tenofovir in HIV Infected People with Multiple Treatment Failures: A Sub-study of Puzzle2-ANRS 107 Trial, Abstract 537, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

39. Tackett D, Child M, et al. Atazanavir: A Summary of Two Pharmacokinetic Drug Interaction Studies in Healthy Subjects, Abstract 543, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

40. Levin J. Atazanavir & Lipids, New Antiretroviral HIV Drugs, www.natap.org, 28 February 2003.

41. Nadler J, Rodriguez-French A, et al. The NEAT Study: GW433908 Efficacy and Safety in ART-naïve Subjects, Final 48-week Analysis, Abstract 177, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

42. De Jesus E, La Marca A, et al. The Context Study: Efficacy and Safety of GW433908/RTV in PI-experienced Subjects with Virological Failure (24 Week Results), Abstract 178, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

43. Baker, R. The NEAT Study: Final 48-Week Results of Phase III Trial Comparing GW 908 to Nelfinavir, HIVandHepatitis.com, 17.02.03.

44. Glaxo AIDS Drug Beats Standard Treatment in Study, Reuters NewMedia, 14.02.03, http://ww2.aegis.org/news/re/2003/RE030222.html

45. Levin, J. 908: New Formulation of Amprenavir, 908 vs nelfinavir in treatment-naïve, and 908/r once & twice daily vs Kaletra in PI-experienced, www.natap.org.

46. Gathe J, Kohlbrenner VM, et al. Tipranavir/Ritonavir Demonstrates Potent Efficacy in Multiple Protease Inhibitor Experienced People: BI 1182.52, Abstract 179, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

47. Yeni P, MacGregor T, et al. Correlation of Viral Load Reduction and Plasma Levels in Multiple Protease Inhibitor Experienced People Taking Tipranavir/Ritonavir in a Phase IIB Trial: BI 1182.52, Abstract 528, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

48. Cooper D, Hall D, et al. Baseline Phenotypic Suceptibility to Tipranavir/Ritonavir is Retained in Isolates from People with Multiple Protease Inhibitor Experience (BI 1182.52), Abstract 596, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

49. Boehringer Ingelheim Launches Phase III Clinical Trials for Experimental PI Tipranavir, HIVandHepatitis.com, 07.02.03

50. Koh Y, Nakata H, et al. Abstract 553, TMC114 (UIC96017): A Novel Nonpeptidic Protease Inhibitor Potent Against Multi-PI Resistant HIV In Vitro, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

51. Hoetelmans R, IVan der Sandt I, et al. TMC114, A Next Generation HIV Protease Inhibitor: Pharmacokinetics and Safety Following Oral Administration of Multiple Doses With and Without Low Doses of Ritonavir in Healthy Volunteers, Abstract 549, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

52. Arasteh K, Clumeck N, et al. First Clinical Results on Antiretroviral Activity, Pharmacokinetics, and Safety of TMC114, an HIV-1 Protease Inhibitor, in Multiple PI-experienced People, Abstract 8, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

53. Roehr B. TMC114 Moves into Phase II Trials, Medscape Medical News, 12.02.03.

54. Wild C, Kilgore N, et al. PA-457 is a Small Molecule Inhibitor of HIV-1 Budding/Maturation that Potently Inhibits Replication of Virus Isolates Resistant to all Classes of Approved Drugs. Abstract 14, 10th Conference on Retroviruses and Opportunistic Infections. February 10-14, 2003. Boston, MA, USA.

Image credit: D Clark, S Chen, http://customwire.ap.org/specials/interactives/AIDS_flash/index.html, The Associated Press, www.aidsinfonet.org, NIAID, AMS, 2002.

CROI 2003 Pipeline Report